$8 of Jarlsberg

24 minutes into The Devil Wears Prada, Andy Sachs (Anne Hathaway) is welcomed home from a long day at work by her boyfriend Nate (Adrian Grenier) with a grilled cheese sandwich:

Close-up of Nate frying a grilled cheese in a cast-iron skillet

This scene commences with a “J cut” (Wikipedia link because I was “today years old” when I learned this term, as the kids say, so maybe it’s new to you too) that cleverly uses the sound of sizzling to signify how badly she has just been burned by her boss Miranda Priestly (Meryl Streep), editor-in-chief of Vogue stand-in Runway magazine, who delivers a showstopping monologue while putting the finishing touches on an outfit for an upcoming issue with the help of her art director Nigel (Stanley Tucci).

Medium long shot of Miranda chastising an offscreen Andy from the center-right of the frame while Nigel holds a jacket up in front of a model next to another Runway employee holding a belt

As Rebecca Traister described it in an article for Salon that was published on the day the film premiered:

In a matter of seasons, she explains, a particular shade of blue trickles from her office to magazine pages to couture collections, moving down the fashion food chain until the hue is all the rage in plain-Jane department stores and outlying retail outlets, finally winding up in “some tragic Casual Corner bargain bin,” the very bin out of which a holier-than-thou shopper like Andy has fished the blue sweater she’s wearing. Andy may find her boss’s attention to accessories beneath her but she should understand that on her back she sports a garment that would not have existed save for the decisions made in this very office, by the very person she’s sneering at.

It made such an impression on me that shortly after seeing Devil for the first time I decided the time had finally come to stop dressing like a gutter punk and enlisted the aid of a fashion-conscious friend to help me overhaul my entire wardrobe! But while this explains how the DVD that provided all the screengrabs in this post found its way into my collection, and although it’s almost certainly the shoutout to it in I Love You, Man that prompted My Loving Wife Marion and I to first watch it together, the grilled cheese is what makes it one of “our” movies. The close-up at the top of this post is part of a six-second-long shot that ends with a quick pan up to Nate’s face as he turns to look at Andy:

Close-up of Nate's hands and torso blurred by camera movement
Continuation of the previous image: the camera has come to rest on Nate's face as he looks down from the center of the frame
Continuation of the previous image: Nate turns to look offscreen right at Andy

This is followed by a four-second-long shot of Andy coming toward him from their bedroom ranting about work:

Medium long shot of Andy putting on a second layer as she walks toward the camera from a doorway centered in the frame
Continuation of the previous image: Andy uses her hands to express frustration from a position much closer to the camera in the right third of the frame

Cut to Nate for three seconds as he laughs sympathetically at her story:

Medium shot of Nate laughing as he looks down at his pan

Then back to Andy for eight as she complains that Miranda isn’t happy “unless everyone around her is panicked, nauseous or suicidal”:

Medium shot of Andy, still ranting

Mentioning “the Clackers” in the process, which draws a questioning, “the who?” from Nate.

Medium shot of Nate looking puzzled

We return to Andy two seconds later for her explanation that it’s an onomatopoeic reference to the sound of stilettos in the marble lobby, a throwaway description that was the best thing in the book the movie is based on, and which the singer Raye recently co-opted for a studiously cinematic collaboration with Hans Zimmer. After four seconds we cut back to Nate, who pours two glasses of red wine:

Medium shot of Nate pouring wine from the left third of the frame

And hands one to her two seconds after that:

Medium shot of Nate with his back to the camera in the middle of the frame handing a glass of wine to Andy, who approaches from screen right

The camera starts to follow her as she turns to walk away, but to no purpose, and five seconds later we’re with Nate again as he flips the sandwich over with a deft flick of his wrist:

The rhythmic alternation between shots four- to six-seconds-long with shorter ones continues a few more times as Nate hands Andy the grilled cheese:

Medium shot of Nate handing Andy, who is out of focus in the right edge of the frame with her back to the camera, the sandwich he's been making on a plate

And she laments the fact that she doesn’t even want to eat it because “that is why those girls are so skinny,” prompting him to rush over because “there’s, like, eight dollars of Jarlsberg in there!”

Nate rushes

The scene ends with a helpfully expository declaration by Andy that she just has to “stick it out for one year” and won’t let Miranda get to her in the meantime as Nate chomps on the grilled cheese:

Medium shot of Nate eating the grilled cheese he made for Andy in the right foreground as she puts on a headband in the center of the frame

Followed by another J cut to a montage of her boss dropping a series of fashionable coats on her desk:

Medium shot of Miranda throwing her coat on Andy's desk
A medium shot of Miranda in a different outfit throwing a different coat on Andy's desk
Medium shot of Miranda in yet another outfit throwing yet another coat on Andy's desk

And that’s it! No food porny oozing cheese or unconventional ingredients, just that initial close-up of a sandwich already on the verge of being over-browned and an admittedly enticing crunch as Nate bites into it later. So why did this become the only way I ever made grilled cheese for over a decade? Simple: it’s good! And simple! You can get great results by mixing and matching aged and mild cheddar or Gruyère, but if you only want to grate once, you aren’t going to do much better than Jarlsberg, which is both flavorful AND melts beautifully. Which is also true of mild Gruyère, to be sure, but Jarlsberg has the advantage of being less expensive, and if it’s not quite as strong, that’s arguably a feature not a bug: just as Nate’s sandwich isn’t actually the focus of this scene, I invariably eat grilled cheese with either Cook’s Illustrated‘s aptly-named ultimate cream of tomato soup (which Deb Perelman also swears by) or Michael Symon’s spicy tomato blue cheese soup, which are respectively extremely rich and rather pungent and therefore cry out for a textually-satisfying supporting player, not a co-star.

The problem with all this is that Marion doesn’t like Jarlsberg. And this is the story of the film for us, because I persisted in making sandwich after sandwich for her anyway in the hope that she’d eventually realize that Nate and I were right. She didn’t, and the joke became that if I Love You, Man was the movie most emblematic of our courtship, this one would be responsible for our divorce. Eventually I wised up and gave in, but even if we’re a cheddar family now, we still talk about Devil every time grilled cheese is on the menu.

We rewatched the film the other day for the first time in awhile and it holds up pretty well, albeit not for reasons that make me excited for the sequel which opens nationwide next week. Miranda’s monologue may no longer strike me as particularly revelatory, but I still find Nigel’s argument in a subsequent scene that the designers featured in Runway created something greater than art “because you live your life in it” compelling.

Medium shot of Nigel pointing offscreen left at Andy with a pencil

“Well, not you, obviously, but some people,” he adds, referring to Andy, and this dressing down is actually more narratively significant than its more famous counterpart, given that it’s the one that finally convinces Andy to start putting effort into her attire. If as Martha P. Nochimson put it in her Cineaste review Miranda is “feminine magic,” then Nigel is “Miranda’s human interpreter, wittily explaining her protocosmic mysteries and daring us to deny her importance.” Hideki Fujita also reads the work as a modern fairy tale, noting in his article “The Initiatory Experience of a Fashion Novice” that Miranda’s insistence on calling Andy by the name of her previous second assistant Emily echoes the treatment of Chihiro in Spirited Away, and like her what Andy ultimately learns is how to be her own self.

While many of Devil‘s critics lament Andy’s choice of what Nochimson calls the “dowdy track,” it’s clear to me that in the final scene our hero is indeed “not quite the old Annie” anymore as director David Frankel says in his DVD commentary track. The jeans are back, but “she has more style from having gone through her experience at Runway.”

Medium long shot of Andy walking down the street in casual, but much more stylish attire than what she wore at the beginning of the film

Even more interestingly, the quiet laugh and small smile Miranda allows herself in the shot immediately after the one above shows that she is both conscious and proud of having mentored Andy.

Close-up of Miranda momentarily looking happy in the backseat of her car

As Emanuela Barasch Rubinstein says in her book Women Managers in American Popular Culture:

In the very last moment of the film, a softer side of her emerges. Although silent in her thoughts, she appears happy for having contributed to Andy’s career as a journalist. However, to emphasize that this outburst of sentimentality is unusual, Miranda aggressively and rudely commands her driver with a sharp, “Go!” Thus, in the final scene, Miranda appears slightly more nuanced, with her character’s portrayal diverging from the flat, one dimensional image of the woman manager.

But herein lies the problem. Our last viewing of Devil came mere weeks after the New York Times published Julia Moskin’s exposé of René Redzepi’s abusive managerial practices at his restaurant Noma and I couldn’t keep it out of my head. The article begins with a vivid depiction of Redzepi publicly shaming a sous-chef for daring to “put on techno music, a genre that Mr. Redzepi disliked, in the production kitchen” that doesn’t seem too far removed from some of Miranda’s behavior up until the point where Redzepi throws a punch. The question is: where do you draw the line? If it’s at physical abuse, Priestly gets a pass, but Moskin goes on to note that the 35 former Noma employees she interviewed “described lasting trauma from layers of psychological abuse, including intimidation, body shaming and public ridicule.” If that isn’t just a problem because it’s part of a pattern, then what does it say about the offices of Runway where Nigel can get away with “affectionately” calling Andy “Six” after her dress size and where Miranda is able to refer to her even more simply as “fat” without anyone blinking an eye?

A really good sequel would delve into this question, especially one coming out now. Something tells me The Devil Wears Prada 2 won’t, but either way, we’ll always have Jarlsberg.

Ithaca Film Journal: 4/23/26

In Theaters: This is the final week before Ithaca goes back to being a two movie theater town when Cornell Cinema closes up shop until the students return in August, but all the stuff I’m most interested in is at Cinemapolis and the Regal Ithaca Mall anyway. I’m definitely going to try to see director David Lowery’s latest Mother Mary and I Swear at the former, and if I add a third movie it will be Michael at the latter despite bad reviews because it will be fun if I decide everyone else is wrong!

My favorite holdover is The Christophers, which continues its run at Cinemapolis. Here’s what I said about it on Letterboxd last week:

In which Michaela Coel’s artist Lori Butler lays out a dinner’s worth of takeout containers with the same careful attention she would devote to organizing a palette. I appreciated the use of glitter in the Christophers III series more for having seen Noah Davis’s 2004 (1) at the Philadelphia Museum of Art yesterday. Refreshingly alive to the many different ways a work of art can impact someone: in most movies “it changed my life!” is a boringly undynamic positive.

Movie of the moment The Drama remains there and at the Regal and is worth seeing as well if for no other reason than so that you can have an opinion on it. I’m also interested in My Father’s Shadow, which made my “Cannes 2025 Films That I Am Most Eager to See” list, but it isn’t a priority for me because it’s available on Mubi. Special events include a free screening of The Librarians, which unlike most movies about my profession I didn’t hate, at Cinemapolis on Saturday and four free events at Cornell Cinema: a “Science on Screen” presentation of A Birder’s Guide to Everything this evening, a “Sensory Ethnography” program featuring Leviathan and two shorts on Monday, a screening of Rosemead that evening, and a Kleber Mendonça Filho double feature of Pictures of Ghosts and The Secret Agent on Wednesday. Finally, other noteworthy repertory fare includes 35th anniversary screenings of The Silence of the Lambs at the Regal on Sunday and Wednesday and Eyes Wide Shut at Cinemapolis on Tuesday to kick off their new “Staff Picks: Erotic Thrillers” series.

Home Video Recommendation: I read an interesting Substack post by Will Manidis & Nabeel S. Qureshi called “Rented Virtue” a couple of months ago right around the time I saw The Testament of Ann Lee. It proposes that the Quaker sect’s spiritual prohibition on lying was directly responsible for the success in trade that gave them an outsized influence on the development of the British empire, and that there is no secular alternative to achieving this kind of result because irrational-seeming constraints imposed in the absence of God can’t ever reliably answer the question, “why maintain this when it is costly?” I thought of this just the other night while watching Barbary Coast on the Criterion Channel because Joel McCrea’s willingness to put poetry ahead of profit and his proselytizing influence on Miriam Hopkins seems to represent a rebuttal. If that doesn’t float your boat, the opening sequence is a classic Howard Hawks proceduralist depiction of a 19th century ship docking in San Francisco harbor, plus you’ve got both Walter Brennan wearing a fake (spoiler alert?) eyepatch and Edward G. Robinson donning an even danglier earring than the one he wore as a character note in Tiger Shark three years earlier. Barbary Coast will disappear from the Criterion Channel at the end of the month, but is also streaming on Prime Video with a subscription and Tubi, and copies of the Warner Archives Collection’s 2015 DVD release remain plentiful.

Previous “Ithaca Film Journal” posts can be found here. A running list of all of my “Home Video” recommendations can be found here.

Ithaca Film Journal: 4/16/26

What I’m Seeing This Week: We’ll be out of town for the next few days, but My Loving Wife and I are planning to see Hokum with friends at the Philadelphia Film Society’s SpringFest during our travels. I’m hoping to catch The Christophers at Cinemapolis and Normal at the Regal Ithaca Mall after we return as well.

Also in Theaters: My favorite new movie now playing Ithaca is The Drama, which continues its run at Cinemapolis and the Regal. Here’s what I said about it on Letterboxd earlier this week:

Captures the kaleidoscopic mélange (!) of assumed intent, other people’s actual and imagined reactions, and imagined futures that we’re actually reacting to when someone does or says something that upsets us. Which is to say that, for better or worse, this is much, much less about the big plot twist (which traffics in a taboo that Good Luck, Have Fun, Don’t Die already cathartically allowed me to laugh at earlier this year) than Robert Pattinson’s Charlie’s response to it. Which was designed to be chewed on with post-movie cheeseburgers in Andy’s Diners the world over.

Special events include 3D presentations of Jurassic Park and Dial M for Murder at Cornell Cinema on Saturday and Sunday respectively. There are too many free events at Cinemapolis and Cornell Cinema this week to list, but highlights include a “Family Classic Picture Show” screening of one of my childhood favorites Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, at the former on Sunday and a “Collaborative Filmmaking; Indigenous Media” program at the latter on Monday featuring Mobilize, Doing the Sheep Good, Ringtone, and Ghosts. Finally, on the repertory front Bigger than Life is playing Cornell Cinema tonight and Fight Club screens at the Regal on Wednesday.

Home Video Recommendation: Magellan, which clocked in at third on my Movie Year 2025 top ten (percent) list, is now streaming on the Criterion Channel with a subscription! Here’s my blurb from that post:

I made a point of mentioning how grateful I was to Cinemapolis for programming this film in every single one of my conversations with someone who works there for a solid month because I didn’t think it was high-profile enough to *ever* play here, let alone during its first run in theaters! Like 28 Years Later it is, for me, first and foremost a quasi-adaptation of a great science fiction novel I never expected to get to see on the big screen, in this case Orson Scott Card’s Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus, which postulates that if just one or two things had gone differently, we could easily be living in a world where Mesoamericans “discovered” and subjugated Europe instead of vice versa. Here Gael García Bernal’s titular explorer is depicted as not much more than a crab in a metal carapace, washed up on a beach at the beginning of the film and ready for the boil by the end of it. 

And here’s a screengrab from the first stunning crustaceous tableau to further whet your appetite:

Long shot of a wounded Ferdinand Magellan (Gael García Bernal) in his armor sitting on a beach strewn with dead bodies

Now go watch it!

Previous “Ithaca Film Journal” posts can be found here. A running list of all of my “Home Video” recommendations can be found here.

Ithaca Film Journal: 4/9/26

What I’m Seeing This Week: I plan to close out the Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival with the screening of Faust with live musical accompaniment by Cloud Chamber Orchestra on Saturday and The Blue Trail on Sunday. I’m also going to check out local production No Choice during its limited run at Cinemapolis that starts on Monday and am hoping to finally see The Drama there or at the Regal Ithaca Mall as well.

Also in Theaters: You have one last chance to see Alpha, my favorite film of Movie Year 2026 so far, at Cinemapolis this afternoon: don’t miss it! Special events include the Ithaca Short Film Festival at Cinemapolis on Wednesday and five free events at Cornell Cinema: a “Science on Screen” screening of A Good Year this evening, a screening of TCB: The Toni Cade Bambara School of Organizing followed by a Q&A with filmmaker Louis Massiah which also includes free popcorn tomorrow, Tongo Saa on Monday, Microhabitat on Tuesday, and Elie Wiesel: Soul on Fire on Wednesday. The FLEFF screening of An Inconvenient Truth on Saturday afternoon is free as well. Finally, repertory highlights include a 3D presentation of House of Wax at Cornell Cinema on Saturday and Mad Max: Fury Road there later the same evening. If you want to make a day of it, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off is playing the Regal, where you can also catch National Lampoon’s Vacation tomorrow and Caddyshack on Sunday.

Home Video Recommendation: I watched India Song for the first time a few months ago and I doubt a day has gone by since when I didn’t find myself whistle its titular theme at least once! Here’s what I said about on Letterboxd after my second viewing in February:

In the same way that I’m no longer capable of hearing the Beatles song “For No One” without thinking about James Joyce’s short story The Dead, now that I’ve convinced myself of the affinities between this film and John Cale’s “Paris 1919,” I’m probably doomed to forever think of it as an “adaptation.” But maybe the hypnotic brilliance of Carlos D’Alessio’s score is enough to guarantee something more like a two-way street? This month’s selection for the two-person film club I’m in with my buddy Scott is also a weirdly perfect follow-up to the last couple, featuring as it does interiors with a green-red color scheme that matches the two-strip Technicolor tones of Mystery of the Wax Museum and a similarly estranged relationship between sound and image as Blue.

It is now streaming on the Criterion Channel and is also available on Blu-ray and DVD from the Criterion Collection in a two-film box set with Baxter, Vera Baxter.

Previous “Ithaca Film Journal” posts can be found here. A running list of all of my “Home Video” recommendations can be found here.

Ithaca Film Journal: 4/2/26

What I’m Seeing This Week: I am hoping to catch six movies at the Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival before next Thursday! Nuisance Bear tomorrow, Mare’s Nest on Saturday, A Life Illuminated and Seeds on Sunday, Our Land on Tuesday, and Northern Lights on Wednesday. I’m also interested in The Drama, which opens at Cinemapolis and the Regal Ithaca Mall today, but it will have to wait.

Also in Theaters: Alpha is terrific and I’m just a bit puzzled by its tepid reception at Cannes last year, although as a movie that needs space to breathe I can see how it might not have played well in a compressed festival context. Anyway, Cinemapolis has added an extra week to its run, which: good on you, Cinemapolis! Here’s what I wrote about this one on Letterboxd last week:

The best film about the AIDS epidemic since Witnesses. Here the feeling of Armageddon is completely literalized into the setting, but not exclusively: the maybe-real-maybe-figurative-maybe-both sandstorms raging outside are also inside the infected. Reminiscent of one of my Movie Year 2023 favorites All of Us Strangers in its dual (dream?) timelines and the way it deals with families and grief. What’s new is the decision to ground the story in the perspective of child first too young to understand, then too old not to, and the depiction of victims as beautiful monuments to the failure of science and society to save them.

One FLEFF selection *not* listed in the previous section is Best Documentary Feature Oscar winner Mr. Nobody Against Putin, which I’ve already seen. It’s good! Drop me a line if you have any thoughts on the Harry Potter references because I’m planning to write about them (and the ones in My Undesirable Friends: Part I – Last Air in Moscow) in June.

Special events include free screenings of Republic of Amnesia and Possible Landscapes followed by filmmaker Q&As at Cornell Cinema on Tuesday and Wednesday. Finally, noteworthy repertory options include Blazing Saddles, National Lampoon’s Animal House, and Airplane! at the Regal as part of their “LOL” series tomorrow, Saturday, and Wednesday respectively. The Killer plays there on Sunday, Monday, and Wednesday as well.

Home Video Recommendation: I’m happy to report that current Cornell University faculty, staff, and students can now view 7 Walks with Mark Brown, my favorite film from last year’s FLEFF, on our in-house Library MediaSpace platform! Here’s what I said about it when I included it on my Movie Year 2025 top ten (percent) list:

The titular paleobotanist who guides a filmmaking crew through the Pays de Caux region to “collect” primeval plants for a cinematic herbarium could be this blog’s patron saint, and the 16mm second half of its diptych comprises some of the most satisfying long shots I’ve ever seen.

It’s also available on Blu-ray from Vinegar Syndrome and can be streamed for a rental or purchase fee on Vimeo.

Previous “Ithaca Film Journal” posts can be found here. A running list of all of my “Home Video” recommendations can be found here.

Ithaca Film Journal: 3/26/26

What I’m Seeing This Week: The Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival, one of the highlights of Ithaca’s movie calendar, starts tomorrow! Read my interview with Co-Directors Andrew Utterson and Michael Richardson, then join me at Cinemapolis for the opening night screenings of Clash of Wolves (which will be accompanied by live music by Li’l Anne and Hot Cayenne) and Silent Friend. I’m also planning to see The Love That Remains and The Falling Sky at FLEFF on Saturday and Sunday respectively, plus I’m chaperoning a matinee outing to the Regal Ithaca Mall for Hoppers this weekend and hoping to catch Alpha at Cinemapolis later in the week.

Also in Theaters: My top new movie recommendation remains Sirât, which continues its run at Cinemapolis. Additional special events include a free screening of Remaining Native at Cornell Cinema this evening followed by a Q&A with director Paige Bethmann. Noteworthy repertory options include Bigger Than Life and Mad Max: Fury Road at Cornell Cinema tomorrow, No Country for Old Men at the Regal on Sunday, and On the Waterfront there on Monday. Finally, since you may be wondering, I have seen Project Hail Mary, which continues its runs at both Cinemapolis and the Regal, and it’s fine.

Home Video Recommendation: An early highlight of Movie Year 2026 was the program of experimental shorts by late Binghamton University professor Tomonari Nishikawa at Cornell Cinema last week which was introduced by his wife Miki and filmmaker colleague Sofia Theodore-Pierce. All seven films we saw were terrific and collectively created a beautiful progression. The clear highlight for me, though, was Light, Noise, Smoke, and Light, Noise, Smoke, which like the other six is available on Vimeo. Here’s what I said about it on Letterboxd after the screening:

For a long time I misremembered Kenneth Anger’s Eaux d’artifice as being about fireworks for some reason instead of fountains. *This* is something like the film that existed in my mind all those years, which I think explains the intense feeling of déjà vu I experienced while watching it. Friend Brian Darr, who saw it many months before I did, notes in his Letterboxd review that “creating an optical soundtrack out of the explosive patterns” was one ingenious way Nishikawa found to make fireworks footage interesting; this is also the first time I can remember ever paying as much attention to the smoke they generate as their light, and the introduction of a trip-to-the half moon created a host of other associations for me. A stunner.

Previous “Ithaca Film Journal” posts can be found here. A running list of all of my “Home Video” recommendations can be found here.

The World Is Our Why

The Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival is one of the highlights of the local arts calendar. I almost always end up seeing one of my favorite movies of the year there, such as most recently 7 Walks with Mark Brown, and it’s also a great place to interact with Ithaca-based filmmakers, performers, and cinephiles at the “talkbacks” that follow most of their events. Festival Co-Directors Michael Richardson and Andrew Utterson, who are both also professors at Ithaca College, were kind enough to sit down with me recently ahead of the start of the 29th edition next Friday to talk about their programming philosophy and FLEFF’s place in the local arts ecosystem.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Thank you both so much for making the time to talk to me today! Before we get into this year’s program, how would you describe the festival to someone who’s never attended?

RICHARDSON: One of the things that makes the festival special is that we really privilege audience interaction. We bring in experts, often directors, producers, people associated with the films. The idea is that the festival experience doesn’t start and end with: they came in, watched the film, and left. But rather, we continue to have these ongoing dialogues. And I think dialogue and conversation is a big part of the festival.

UTTERSON: We have lots of films that are recognizably environmental to do with the natural world–ecology, sustainability, and so on. But we also approach the environmental through different filmic lenses. We mix, very deliberately, a heterogeneous combination of narrative features, documentaries, experimental films, and placing film, in one or two instances, in dialogue with new media and other arts. Our definition of the environmental is deliberately fluid as well.

Is there something about Ithaca that makes it especially well-suited to the kind of festival you’re describing?

RICHARDSON: Ithaca has a commitment to sustainability and is interested in environmental issues. People in Ithaca are also very engaged politically. I think that’s one of the reasons why the festival does so well, because people are predisposed to come out and talk about issues. Also, we have such a lively arts community in Ithaca that people want to support, and we’re fortunate in that the director of Cinemapolis Kate Donohue helps us connect with people and opportunities that we can showcase during the festival.

UTTERSON: Part of the success, I think, also rests on Ithaca being a college town. Where we really see that special, unique liveness come into play is the grouping of different people who will gather for a festival screening. In Ithaca we get the benefit of our multiple campuses but, crucially, in dialog with the wider community as well, and so we are always bridging the expertise of campus colleagues with the dynamic contributions of Ithaca’s wider population.

I look forward to what the theme is going to be every year. Could you talk about how this year’s theme of “Migrations” emerged? And does the theme typically dictate what films you select, or is it more vice versa?

RICHARDSON: To start with the second question, we decide on the theme first and then start to look for films, so it’s definitely one way in that regard. In terms of choosing it, we usually have conversations well in advance and we try to find the theme that we think will resonate on multiple levels, because we don’t want to feel like we’re narrowing our focus. To your question about whether the films dictate the theme, the short answer is no. The longer answer is, we try not to choose a theme that would exclude too many films, and so we try to be as broad as possible without losing coherence.

UTTERSON: Yeah, the theme typically is chosen so as not to limit or over-determine the content of the festival and how people interact with the films, but rather the opposite, to be a loose conceptual lens that might actually open up new ways of seeing the films and aspects of them that even we haven’t thought of before. Not so much to label or categorize explicitly-connected films, but to prompt readings, new connections, and new ways of thinking about the films that might emerge in those screenings and conversations themselves.

Do you tend to settle on the theme quickly?

UTTERSON: Definitely not quick.

RICHARDSON: A lot of back and forth, a lot of fine tuning. We brainstorm the theme, we let it sit with us for a while, and revisit it after the moment to see whether we still feel like it has the resonance that we want.

UTTERSON: Something that’s topical, but also is somewhat universal. Something that will resonate with a range of different films, but not be too determining of how we think about them. Something that’s stimulating and thought-provoking without being too esoteric or provocative. It takes a while to find something that seems to be just right.

I’m jumping ahead here: do you already know the theme for next year?

RICHARDSON: (Laughing) No, we do not. The festival ends April 12; probably late April, we start thinking about themes.

You mentioned the expansiveness of your definition of “environmental.” Some previous FLEFF themes like “Turbulence” or “Polyphonies” have definitely opened the door to a wider range of films than what people who are just thinking about nature films might expect. But is there a point at which the theme ceases to become productively open-ended, but instead becomes so abstract that it just doesn’t have a purpose? And how do you safeguard against this if that is something you’ve run into?

UTTERSON: I’d say it’s a fairly organic process. If the theme in any given film doesn’t seem to encourage particular insights or new entry points, we will leave it to one side, but in other instances the theme will emerge and present itself in ways that we hadn’t otherwise imagined or anticipated. And so we approach it flexibly. If this lens will be useful in any given moment, then it’s a great conceptual tool to simulate conversation and to make new connections.

RICHARDSON: Yeah, having an expansive view of environment, having a theme that’s open-ended, we don’t go into it thinking every film needs to push those definitions, but we’re open to films that at first blush might not seem to fit that theme. We’re open to seeing ways that they resonate. But there certainly have been films that we have identified early on, and then we’ve talked about and said, boy, what a great film, but that’s not for this year’s festival. So we’re open to being expansive, but we’re not beholden to having to be expansive. As Andrew said, it’s really about an organic process.

When you start talking in late April, do you already have some films that you’re thinking about or does that come after?

RICHARDSON: It’s really been an ongoing process. Part of what happens is that we get tipped off to films, say, now. And with our schedule set, we just have to earmark them for later festivals. We’re looking for films within the past two or three years, so sometimes there are missed opportunities, but we try to keep an unofficial list of films that we might go back to next year. We’re always getting suggestions, and we take them as they come and keep looking constantly.

UTTERSON: We always try to be timely and topical, but sometimes there are films that don’t quite fit that cycle, and if they’re new to Ithaca, that will still be a good fit for us. And there may be some older films that we can re-present and reframe and rethink and reconsider as well.

Is there a specific balance between films you’re looking for between things that illustrate the theme and things that complicate it?

RICHARDSON: That’s a good question. We go into it with a very open mind in terms of how these films might resonate or not resonate with a particular theme. As we start building the schedule, we try to make sure that we offer a mix of films, documentary versus fiction films, local versus international, films that have a more direct connection and films that have a less direct connection. But I don’t think we go into it with any preconceptions.

UTTERSON: I wouldn’t add too much to that, other than to say that we have more of an eye on the overall mix of the festival and its different voices or forms, or the relationship between documentary and fictions and different regions of the globe, and those would typically be more pressing considerations than specifically whether they will fit the theme or complicate the theme.

How does this relate to putting together a syllabus, if at all?

RICHARDSON: It’s similar in the sense that we hope, once we have a full program, that there are meaningful connections, and although we don’t assume that everybody is going to watch every film, we hope that people will be able to find threads and come to several different events and see an idea develop and get problematized. But we don’t know what the festival is going to look like going into it, and that would be the difference.

UTTERSON: The connection I would see is the hope that when we put together a syllabus, we would embark on a journey, and from the beginning to the end have something of a course plotted out for us with a particular charted path through the material at hand. When it comes to the festival, we hope people will attend multiple films and start to build up connections across their different films and festival experiences, but it will be less knowable, less predictable, and a little more elliptical.

One of my favorite things about the event is the unique opportunity it represents to see things that generated buzz on the festival circuit, but for whatever reason, aren’t a good fit for Cinemapolis or Cornell Cinema or one of our other great local theaters, and therefore wouldn’t have ever played Ithaca otherwise. Are there any festivals in particular that you look to more than others to guide your programming?

UTTERSON: We look far and wide. We can’t go to all of the festivals that we would like to, but we can at least tap into their programs and keep an eye on what the conversations are and what new films might be available to us in Ithaca. It would really be a range of different types of festivals, because we’re in the fortunate position of being able to show issue-based documentaries alongside international art fictions and everything in between. We will be looking at festivals like TIFF or the Berlinale or Sundance alongside one or two festivals that are more focused on the environment in particular. Big Sky isn’t exclusively about the environment, but that can be a great glimpse into opportunities for films that could make their way to Ithaca. In general terms, we’re proud of being able to bring films to Ithaca that otherwise wouldn’t be coming here.

RICHARDSON: One of the things that we have been focused on in recent years has been showcasing films that maybe haven’t even gotten to the festival stage. The festival receives generous support from the Park Foundation, and through them, we get put in touch with filmmakers who are similarly supported by the Foundation. And this has been wonderful. It has really opened up a vein of possibilities for us. We also have recently been working with the Redford Center, and they also sponsor a number of films. These are often self-produced or they’re not at the stage where they found a distributor yet, so it’s a great opportunity for them to raise the profile of their work, and it’s a great opportunity for us to feel like we are showcasing young, emerging directors.

Another thing I personally enjoy about FLEFF are the silent films with live musical accompaniment. Is this a tradition you’re planning to continue? And how do these films fit into the festival’s mission of embracing and interrogating sustainability?

RICHARDSON: As long as our musical partners are willing, we’ll have silent films. We do try to find environmentally-related silent films, which is a little bit tougher. That often requires a little bit more of an explanation and a more expansive view of environment and nature, but they are a big part of the festival, and they add a dimension to the festival that we really enjoy.

UTTERSON: Silent cinema also opens up some historical vectors, connecting the early 20th century with debates that resonate 100 or so years later.

This isn’t the smoothest segue, but do you ever run into filmmakers who are resistant to being programmed in the festival because of that word “environmental,” where they somehow see that as not a label that they want associated with their film?

UTTERSON: I have not encountered an instance where a filmmaker has not wanted to be a part of the festival for that reason. I’ve seen the opposite on one or two occasions where a filmmaker has commented that they hadn’t necessarily thought of their film as an “environmental film,” but that, yes, after all, it is an environmental film when we get into conversation and discuss what we mean by the environment and are actually able to open out, open up, and broaden out that conversation.

RICHARDSON: I think most filmmakers are eager to show their films, with the caveat that they’re also looking to maximize visibility, and oftentimes that does mean forgoing a festival like FLEFF in favor of a North American premiere with greater visibility. But even in cases like that, we find filmmakers say “let’s circle back after the June premiere and maybe we can work something out.”

This is the 29th edition of the festival. What does an event like this have to do to still feel alive and necessary at that age? And do you have anything special planned for next year’s 30th anniversary?

RICHARDSON: Certainly, being a festival that’s run for 29 years, we’re very conscious of the FLEFF tradition. At the same time, we try not to be overly beholden to that tradition so that we don’t stagnate. If we look at the festival over its 29 years, it actually has had several different iterations. The festival began at Cornell out of the Center for the Environment and looked much different than it did when it moved over to Ithaca College. Our former colleague, Dr. Patty Zimmermann, who helmed the festival for a long time, she had a particular vision. Our vision is related to that, but we also are looking for new opportunities within the broader parameters of the festival.

UTTERSON: We have one or two unofficial mottos that we use to guide our curatorial decisions and our broader philosophy, and one of them, without wanting to sound too grandiose, is “the world is our why.” Each year there are new urgent issues to deal with, and we have to find new films to feel current and to be in conversation with the world we live in. In that sense, each festival is a new experience, even if there are continuities with the past.

RICHARDSON: Part of the ongoing dynamic nature of the festival is, sometimes it depends on who is involved in a given year. We’re very opportunistic in the sense that we definitely try and work with people, knowing that it might be the only year that they want to work with FLEFF, but that allows us to sort of refresh what we’re doing as well.

UTTERSON: In terms of the 30th, we would just say: stay tuned!